The Department of Health urges all Pennsylvanians to wear sunscreen and take steps to protect yourself from harmful ultraviolet radiation and potentially deadly heat-related illnesses.

“We want people to practice safe habits when going outside and enjoying the summer months - after all, the sun’s UV rays can damage our skin in as little as 15 minutes,” Secretary of Health Dr. Levine said. “In addition to wearing cloth masks when you step outside, we encourage everyone to apply and reapply sunscreen often.

“Extreme heat poses a danger to all Pennsylvanians, and we urge everyone to protect themselves from harmful UV radiation and stay hydrated to prevent heat-related illnesses.”

Protecting your skin

Exposure to UV radiation can cause numerous health effects like skin cancer, cataracts and eye cancer. Types of skin cancer include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma, the deadliest type of skin cancer.

Melanoma is also one of the most common cancers in Pennsylvania, with nearly 3,475 new cases in 2017.

One in 43 Pennsylvanians are at risk of developing melanoma in their lifetime. While nearly 90 percent of people who develop melanoma survive, in 2017, 403 people died from this cancer.

Melanomas often resemble moles, and some even develop from moles. This is why it is so important to constantly monitor your body and be aware of any changes.

If you have a mole that seems abnormal or is changing, have it looked at by a physician. Melanoma that is recognized and treated early is almost always curable. If not detected early, it can spread and be fatal.

Heat stroke and exhaustion

When experiencing high temperatures, heat stroke and heat exhaustion are two serious and potentially life-threatening illnesses that can occur.

Symptoms of a heat stroke include a high body temperature; red, hot and dry skin, but no sweating; a rapid, strong pulse; throbbing headache; dizziness; nausea; confusion; and unconsciousness. If you think someone is having a heat stroke, it is important to first call 911. After calling for help, get the person to a shady area and quickly cool them down by putting them in a tub of cool water or spraying them with a garden hose.

You should not give the victim any fluids, including water, to drink.

Symptoms of heat exhaustion include heavy sweating, paleness, muscle cramps, tiredness, weakness, dizziness, headache, fainting, and nausea or vomiting. Help the person cool off and seek medical attention if symptoms are severe, symptoms last more than one hour, or the victim has heart problems or high blood pressure.

Safety tips

Although staying inside with air conditioning as often as possible is the best way to prevent heat-related illnesses, it is not always possible. Follow these tips to overcome summer heat:

• Drink plenty of water and do not wait until you are thirsty to drink;

• Avoid drinks with caffeine, alcohol, or large amounts of sugar, as they can cause dehydration (loss of body fluids);

• Avoid long periods in the direct sun or in unventilated rooms;

• Use SPF 30 sunscreen or higher and reapply at least every two hours;

• If you must be outside in the heat, reschedule activities for cooler times of the day, and try to rest often in shady areas;

• Dress in light-colored, loosefitting clothing, a wide-brimmed hat, and sunglasses;

• Take frequent baths or showers and remain in a cool place;

• Check on those who might be more at risk from high temperatures like infants, children, or older individuals;

• Never leave children or pets inside vehicles.